Europe is the second smallest of the seven continents and has a surface area of 10,180,000 km² (3,930,000 square miles). The population is about 741.4 million people as of 2016 making it the third most populous continent. With a peak of 5,642 meters (18,510 feet) above sea level, Mount Elbrus is the highest point on the European continent, it is located in South Russia and is one of the world’s deadliest mountains. The Caspian Sea is Europe’s lowest point at 28 meters (92 feet) below sea level. It borders the countries of Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran. Modern humans arrived in Europe as early as about 55,000 BC. It was home to many great civilisations from the Greeks and Romans to the Feudal Kingdoms of the Middle Ages and the cultural movement called the Renaissance. Eventually, European explorers left to travel the world and eventually stumbled upon the Americas and began to expand their empires onto other continents. Some major cities are London, Rome, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, & Istanbul.

The countries and territories of Europe are Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, & United Kingdom.